7 Tips for Helping Your Child Deal with Bullying

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欺凌是一个严重的问题,在幼儿园到12年级的某个阶段,影响着多达75%的孩子. Most of those kids will be OK in the end, 但10 - 20%的孩子将长期受到欺凌,并面临身体和精神健康状况不佳的风险, such as physical ailments, depression and anxiety, aggression and, in extreme cases, suicide, as well as lower graduation rates and lower career placement.

慢性欺凌有三个组成部分:儿童和攻击者之间的权力差异, repeated bullying day after day, 社会制裁方面,社会结构维持受害者的地位.

This can be very troubling for parents and caregivers, 但是你可以做一些事情来帮助一个孩子,他是欺凌的受害者或施暴者. Melissa Faith, Ph.D., ABPP, 临床儿科心理学家和委员会认证的临床儿童和青少年心理学专家 Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, offers these tips for families:

Encourage your child to be a friend.

  • 作为家长,你会知道你的孩子在学校社会结构中的位置. For children who have high social status–have a lot of friends, teachers like them, 他们很受欢迎,很容易交到朋友——鼓励他们为受欺负的孩子挺身而出. Let them know that it is OK to say to the aggressor, “That’s not OK," and then take the victim under their wing. 如果他们对此感到不舒服,他们可以告诉老师或其他值得信任的成年人.
  • As children move into their adolescence or older teenage years, very confident children may want to do more. 鼓励他们向朋友和学校里的其他孩子伸出援手.

Create a culture of inclusion.

  • Engage in emotion coaching to help build emotional skills. 帮助你的孩子理解他或她的感受,以及为什么其他人可能会有不同的感受.
  • Model pro-social behaviors for your children. Talk through what you’ve done and why you’ve acted that way.
  • As a parent, 你可以联系孩子信任的朋友的父母,鼓励他们帮助孩子,并与孩子交谈,了解将某人排除在外意味着什么,以及当他们看到有人被排除在活动之外时他们可以做些什么.

Support extracurricular activity.

  • 掌握至少一个专业领域可以帮助防止长期欺凌的长期负面影响. Cooperative, 以团队为基础的活动也可以帮助培养社交技能,并为您的孩子提供与其他有相似兴趣的孩子建立友谊的机会. Activities can be based in the arts, such as choir, theater or dance, or athletics, such as track or football.

Foster “best friendships.”

  • 拥有至少一个最好的友谊可以保护孩子免受长期欺凌的负面影响. As a parent, you can foster best friendships. 鼓励你的孩子邀请一个亲密的朋友一起做事,帮助他们花更多的时间和对他们重要的孩子在一起.

Get involved in your child’s school.

  • In Florida, 每个学区都被要求制定一份书面政策,说明如果有欺凌行为他们会怎么做, what the consequences will be, and how they will offer help.
  • If there is a bullying incident, make a request, in writing, to your child’s school counselor and/or principal, respectfully asking for an investigation. 在那之后,安排与所有在事件中可能重要的人会面.g., the school counselor, your child’s teacher) and ask questions, 向学校提出具体的要求,并带着一份书面计划离开会议,详细说明将要做什么. 记住,你孩子的老师可能有过去在课堂上行之有效的好策略, 因此,听取老师建议的策略是很有帮助的. Schedule a follow up meeting about a month later.
  • 许多长期遭受欺凌的受害者发现,他们的受害者身份很难改变, 部分原因是教室里的其他孩子可能害怕反抗欺凌者,或者教室里的其他孩子已经开始接受这样一种观点,即孩子是受害者. 出于这些原因,有时最好的办法是把受害者转移到另一间教室. 请注意,将欺凌者转移到另一个教室很少有帮助,因为慢性欺凌实际上是关于教室中的整个社会结构,而不仅仅是欺凌者和受害者.

Find security against cyberbullying.

  • 网络欺凌不同于其他形式的欺凌,因为它发生在网上,欺凌者可以匿名,父母甚至可能不知道发生了什么. 受到网络欺凌的孩子可能不会告诉父母,因为他们可能害怕失去接触技术的机会,或者担心如果他们上了不该上的网站会有什么后果.
  • As a parent, 你可以在你的电脑和其他设备上设置控制,根据孩子的年龄限制他们看什么.
    • 年幼的孩子可以被告知,只有手机或平板电脑主屏幕上的某些图标是可以触摸的.
    • Have discussions with older kids about what your expectations are. Set up social media accounts with them. Know their passwords. 告诉你的孩子,你会偶尔登录他们的社交媒体账户, if the child has changed his or her password to prevent parents’ access, the child’s access to social media and/or electronics will be suspended. If necessary, 有一些工具可以追踪你的孩子访问了哪些网站,他们在网上说了些什么.

Don’t be afraid to seek help.

  • If your child is a victim of bullying, or if your child is a bully, 这种情况已经超出了你作为家长所能解决的范围, help is available. 与心理健康专家交谈可以为你的家人提供工具和支持,帮助他们度过难关. 

Pediatric Care at Johns Hopkins Medicine

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